REQUIREMENTS:
- Measuring tape
- Clinometer
- Tree identification key
- Compass
- Rope
- Notebook etc.
Tree basal area is the cross sectional area of stem -tune of a tree at the height of the chest. A tree basal area actually refers to the ground penetrated by stems. So, the basal area of a tree is determined in terms of its stem circumference . Stem volume is also a function of basal area along with tree height shape and basic thickness since basal area is the area occupied by the tree stem , it may be regarded as an under dominance of a species.
A basal area of a tree is measured at breast type (usually 5.3 meter) from the ground surface.
The design flow is calculated by construction of flow duration curve.
THere are four types of hydropower:
- Runoff hydropower
- Storage hydropower
- Pumped hydropower
- Off share hydropower
Diagramatic representation of the warning schedule of hydropower.
P.E —-> K.E —> Mechanical energy —> Electrical energy
Problem no.1:
Rapti river has an average annual monthly mean discharge as shown.
Calculation=PeHQg
= PO/100*103*2.8*9.8
= 2261.056
Problem no.2:
Construct the flow duration curve.
- Determine flow(discharge) which can be expected 60% time of exceedence.
- Water is dependable of flow magnitude of 6m3/s.
| Months | Discharge | Discharge in descending order | Rank | % of time |
| January | 1.77 | 74.4% | ||
| February | 1.54 | 65.5% | ||
| March | 1.25 | 36.8% | ||
| April | 1.18 | 35.5% | ||
| May | 2.30 | 23.0% | ||
| June | 2.76 | 16.4% | ||
| July | 2.86 | 14.7% | ||
| August | 10.07 | 12.8% | ||
| September | 8.93 | 10.8% | ||
| October | 4.27 | 9.8% | ||
| November | 4.42 | 10.4% | ||
| December | 4.42 | 10.4% |
Solution:
Q= 7.2 m3/s
g= 9.8m/s2
H= 103 km
e= 80%
= 0.8
p=eHqg
= 0.8*103*7.2*9.8
= 5814.14
CONCLUSION:
Hence, the hydropower potential in terms of water resources for a given river was measured.